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Calendula (Calendula officinalis)

Few plants are known as continuous use from ancient times to today. This medicinal plant grows wild in much of Italy, from sea to submontane zone. There are different varieties that have been selected for ornamental purposes, but our little plan is especially popular for anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing properties. E 'used for inflammation of the skin in general as well as eczema and dermatitis, frostbite and burns and is perfect to give relief from insect bites ... annoying

dialect names: E 'also known as "Fiorrancio", or flower each month, but there are various names by which it is identified in our country: fiorrancio, calandria, marigold, marigold, carnation of Spain, in French "souci" (voice, probably derived from the medieval Latin "solsequium" that follows the sun ). In German "Ringelblume" is English for "yerba centella" as the British call "marigold" (the reason stated in paragraph beliefs and anecdotes).

CURIOSITY '- BELIEFS - ANECDOTES: According to the Greeks, its seeds shaped like a crescent representing the tears of Aphrodite for the loss of her Adonis.

This plant can be seen as the barometer of our countrymen: their heads in the early morning bode well for if the 7 already opened its flowers is a sign that there will be good weather .. and if the bud is closed, it is certain that it will rain during the day .. Calendula
The name may derive from the Latin Calendae or "day" and alludes to the perpetual succession of time. According to others, derives from the greek meaning kalathos bowl or basket, in allusion to the shape of the flower. Like all flowers yellow or orange, has always been associated with the sun.

The term "marigold" of the English common to the Virgin Mary, which was dedicated in the Middle Ages as the "gold of Mary." The fact that the lower head at sunset, was considered a sign of sadness, of mourning for the death of the sun and this belief has played in symbolism that it wants a symbol of pain, boredom and pain. More or less the same view are the Mexicans, who consider him the flower of death.

A popular legend says that these flowers brought by the conquerors, have grown in Mexico with the blood of the poor natives, victims of the lust for power, and gold, white. According

they want an English legend and symbol of jealousy portrays as maids never loved by anyone who, dying, they become marigolds "yellow rage".

According to the writers of the nineteenth century, was the symbol of courtly sycophants, but there is also a school of thought that wants a symbol of pure love and infinite.

The emblem of Margaret of Orleans was a marigold that was going around the sun with the motto: "I do not want to follow the sun".

In games of Toulouse, the famous "jeux floraux," the poet winner is offered a marigold silver in honor of the founder, according to tradition Isaure Clemence, of which he was the favorite. Germany is also called "Kuhblume" because Pentecost is an ancient custom to wreathe cattle with marigold flowers during the Procession Pfingst.

GROWING: annual or biennial plant belonging to the family of composite, comes from Calendula arvensis L., present in the wild throughout the Mediterranean area, from where it was exported in Europe and Asia, both in the Americas. The genus is said Calenduleae composed of fifteen types, in fact be interpreted as varieties of the only species currently recognized.
rustic plant or semirustico, is cultivated in several varieties and horticultural floral industry, fueling a large market of cut flowers.

herbaceous plant sublegnosa or more or less hairy, the spontaneous reaches to 100 cm high, cultivated stops at 30-50 cm.

The leaves are alternate and often denticulate, the lower spatulate and restricted the petioles, the upper lanceolate, he heads terminals that can reach 7 cm in diameter with purplish or blackish disc and ligulate flowers whose color covers the entire range from orange pale yellow to almost white .. sometimes develop small lateral buds at the head station and is called "mother of marigold family" or "marigold in bunches."

ligulate flowers are feminine, those disk hermaphrodites, but they work as men.

blooms between June and November, is sown in spring directly in the soil or in bowls, should be planted at a distance of 30 cm and pricked out to have a continuous flowering.

The medicinal properties of the plant was known in ancient times and until the Middle Ages, then it was used mostly for ornamental purposes, to go back in vogue today. It is difficult to establish when the Calendula is entered in the cultivation of certain is that by Oliviero Serres, in 1663, the Theatre d'agriculture et des champs menage spoke plenty.

FLOWERS:
appear from April to November and beyond, the orange-yellow flowers, scented, which close at dusk light. They contain many benefits and active ingredients to be collected preferably in the early hours of the morning.

HABITAT:
The cultivation area of \u200b\u200bbolt is the same when it is easy to find even the wild marigold.

GROWING:
There are difficulties, you can grow in pots. The flowers last a long time after harvesting They like a sunny position, rich soil and soft.
The multiplication is done with the seed. In the southern regions and in Liguria is sown in summer thinning or transplanting the seedlings in September-October for flowering in November, with appropriate shelter continues throughout the winter, giving flowers larger than the summer flowers carried by the plant resulting in areas of harsh climate, with spring sowing.
The seeds are placed under the flower corolla orange and have a sickle shape, when the flower withers and dries easily become visible. Their shape allows it, falling and being wet from the rain, to remain partially buried with one point facing you. The seeds, around the outside of the crescent, a double row of bumps that go away when the hot water and allow the shoots begin to grow, then the seed in their opening match of this hinge. In
apartment should sow the seeds, which can be drawn directly flowers, herbs may be purchased on a jar filled with soil, then cover with a layer of about 1cm further soil and water thoroughly. They prefer sunny areas, so should, if possible, leave the pots exposed to the south in order to ensure the sun all day. The newly sprouted seedlings are easily recognizable by their two leaves elongated, linear, and as thick as those of sunflowers.
From time to time that happens, a withered flower, if well supplied with water, this can generate a new plant and a new flower directly from the seeds still attached to it, creating a plant grown on top of another.
fears more than anything else excess moisture that can be solved by developing disease treatments based on sulfur.

PARTS USED: flowering tops, petals that are used in cooking, leaves.

PRINCIPLES CONSTITUENTS: essential oil, carotene and beta-carotene, a bitter principle, a saponin, alcohol, acids and trace amounts of salicylic acid.

PROPERTIES AND USES: antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, healing, control of menstrual flow, useful for various diseases of the genital tract, stimulates the secretion of bile, sweat, skin care and various diseases of the same, gastroduodenal ulcer , warts, calluses, hemorrhoids, poor circulation, neurovegetative dystonia, nervous sweating, dizziness, allergic rhinitis.

internal use: has anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, carminative, choleretic, emmenagogue, astringent, soothing of menstrual pain. Gastritis, peptic ulcers, colitis and Crohn's disease can all benefit from regular use, particularly when there is evidence of bleeding. Also useful in cases of amenorrhea and dismenorrrea moderate, and disorders of the gallbladder.

External use: it has excellent antiseptic, healing, and anti-inflammatory re-epithelizing. It 'an effective treatment for most skin problems: cuts, scratches and wounds, skin red and inflamed in kind, including sunburn, and minor (even tan), acne and other skin rashes, skin fungus. Also useful in cases of diaper rash and soothe red nipples.

COLLECTION: The flower heads are collected near the bloom, ie if planting in May or August is autumn was in the case of spring sowing.

STORAGE: The flowers should be dried quickly, but at low temperature, Why do not lose the characteristic bright colors that make them appreciate both in pot-pourri. In the kitchen is used to prepare salads and soups which gives a bitter taste. collected the flowers still in bud, like pickles may be stored and then consumed as such.
Contraindications: the plant is not toxic, but caution is advised in the administration in the early months of pregnancy. Contraindicated only if you are allergic to specific plant or Asteraceae.

USES OTHER: IF YOU DO NOT recommend to purchase the products at ERBORISTERIA Then follow the instructions.

Mother Tincture: 20 grams of alcohol in 100 ml of 25 º (soak for 5 days / week). Strain and store in a bottle with a dropper. Take up to 40 drops per day. Occupation: A drop of mother tincture on bites is enough to soothe the discomfort and reduce swelling. However, the mother tincture (alcohol-based as it is) might burn a little 'when he comes in contact with skin. To avoid this you can also dilute 4-5 drops of calendula in a teaspoon of boiled water left, however, to cool and then applied with a sterile gauze on the puncture site for at least 10 minutes.
Rinse and gargle for inflammation of the gums, periodontal disease and sore throat . The recommended dose in these cases is 30-40 drops in half a glass of water. For
chilblains or bruises - Dilute 10 times with water or alcohol of 25 º and apply on affected parts soaked tablets.
Dye (pulp): for call - Apply on keeping in touch as much as possible.

Decoction: Good
deworming treatment and the ' jaundice, stomach ulcers the , the scrofula el' hysteria. DOSAGE: 2-3 leaves to a cup of water to drink during the day.
The decoction made with about 50g of dried flowers per liter of water, is recommended against gastric ulcer and also has effects sweat and preventive / mitigating the menstrual pain.
Decoction: 6 grams in 100 ml of water. to wash, rinse jars , apply tablets for 30 minutes on the parties concerned.
Decoction: boil a liter of water, add 30 g of flowers and leaves, boil for fifteen minutes, strain and use as needed.

Calendula oil. Dried flowers, left in suspension in a bottle of olive oil (50g per pint) are used to obtain a resolution for external use oil burns and scalds. Thanks to its disinfectant properties and is used in contrast to infiamamzioni outer wraps and often used as an ingredient in the cleansers. The flowers (or flowering tops and leaves): For skin and mucous membranes strongly reddened, with dilated vessels, for burns (including solar). Oil (Recipe 2): soak 75 g of fresh flowers in a glass of oil for twenty days. Shake the jar every day, to be airtight, filter, squeezing the flowers well and store in a dark glass bottle. Always make sure that both of calendula and marigold, which is dangerous.

Infusion of flowers 1 g in 100 ml of water. A cup or a cup a day. To facilitate the monthly rules to alleviate the abdominal pain . (Infusion of flowers 2): a teaspoon of flowers per cup of boiling water, leave to infuse for ten minutes, filter. A cup of tea before meals calendula starting one week before your period, 30 drops of tincture per day during the cycle.

poultices or tablets: apply to affected areas some fresh chopped leaves, cover with sterile gauze and leave on for half an hour.

Eye Gel calming to soothe tired eyes, red and inflamed, prepare a concentrated decoction with a teaspoon of marigold flowers, a flower of chamomile, cornflower and one of a mauve. Heat six tablespoons of the decoction prepared with 2 tablespoons of witch hazel and water dissolve a pinch of borax and one of agar agar. Allow to cool and refrigerate in a jar with cap screw. Apply to eye area in the evening before coricarsi.Oppure: 2 pieces of wet cotton wool in a tea light, apply to the eyes and take about twenty minutes in perfect stillness.

IN THE KITCHEN: The leaves of marigolds may be added to salads or soups ale, fresh petals are used to flavor the fish and garnish.
The dried petals are used to prepare a aromatic vinegar, a handful of petals for just a pint of white vinegar or red, after 40 days of fermentation (in an airtight jar) everything is filtered and bottled.

A handful of flowers infused in the very hot bath (or decoction) has a softening effect , decongestant, moisturizing . The chapped hands benefit dall'immersine for 10 minutes, in decoction.

colds and flu, when you need an anti-inflammatory: a cup of tea before bedtime, sweeten with a teaspoon of acacia honey.
Indigestion , stimulate bile secretion, gastrointestinal infections, visceral pain: 2 cups of decoction per day and 10 drops of tincture.
cold abscesses, varicose veins , corns, warts , chilblains, bruises, sores usually decubitus: apply to affected leaves or chopped fresh tablets prepared with the decoction or tincture of calendula.

decongestant and moisturizing Bath : preparing a canvas bag full of fine flowers and leaves, hang it under running hot water, use it to massage the body when it's soapy, perhaps with a soap made with calendula. Or prepare a decoction of calendula flowers small and pour in the bath water, squeezing the flowers well. Or, pour in the bath water a tablespoon of calendula oil and 6 drops of essential oil.

Strengthens hair : add 5 drops of essential oil of marigold with a drop of oil almonds, cool water bath and rub well the scalp and hair. Wrap head in aluminum foil and cover with a towel dipped in boiling water and wrung out, repeating the operation when it has cooled. Keep for half an hour, rinse the head with mild shampoo.

red hair dye: prepare a concentrated decoction with marigold flowers, rub the hair, including roots, wrap your head in plastic wrap and a towel soaked in hot water, proceeding as in the previous indication. After 20 minutes wash your head. Often repeating the operation, the color becomes more intense.

Nourishing cream for dry and rough skin : Add 6 drops of essential oil to the usual amount of cream that is used to massage the body after bathing or showering. For the face, add 3 drops of essential oil at a dose of regular night cream. The daily use of essential oil of calendula may help reduce old scars, in the case of ulcers and varicose veins.

fumigations wrinkle and firming: in a bowl of boiling water, add 6 drops of essential oil of marigold and proceed normally.

reddened skin or dermatitis, eczema: gently massage the area with calendula oil

In more flowers added to become a substitute for saffron risotto, he does not, however, the flavor, pleasant colors the rice pudding. They can be used in omelets, sauces for fish or meat. Fresh or dried, the petals may be added to the butter, soft cheese or yogurt, which gives a nice yellow color.

language of flowers: a plant considered very auspicious means "harmony of spirits is the most valuable asset."

Mandragora